Electrochemistry plays a crucial role in this field, enabling the conversion of chemical energy into electrical energy and vice versa. As a sustainable and clean technology, EECS has been among the most valuable options for meeting increasing energy requirements. . The rapid transition toward renewable energy and electric mobility has elevated the importance of electrochemical energy storage technologies. . Abstract—This study provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in electrochemical energy storage, including Na+-ion, metal-ion, and metal-air batteries, alongside innovations in electrode engineering, electrolytes, and solid-electrolyte interphase control. It also explores the integration. . Non-lithium ion (e.
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