Solar Photovoltaic System Cost Benchmarks
This approach is intended to allow any input parameter in the model to be varied by up to a factor of two (up or down) to assess its impact on cost.
Our operations and maintenance (O&M) analysis breaks costs into various categories and provides total annualized O&M costs. The MSP results for PV systems (in units of 2022 real USD/kWdc/yr) are $28.78 (residential), $39.83 (community solar), and $16.12 (utility-scale).
Market prices can include items such as smaller-market-share PV systems (e.g., those with premium efficiency panels), atypical system configurations due to site irregularities (e.g., additional land grading) or customer preferences (e.g., pest traps), and specific project requirements (e.g., unionized labor).
The suggested algorithm's optimal outcome, with a reliability index of 2%, indicates that the ideal quantities of PV panels and battery storage are 172 and 1137, respectively. Solargis PV Planner simulation software provided critical data for evaluating the LCCA of different PV technologies (Sindhu 2021).
This review explores LCCA's significance in global photovoltaic system evaluation, encompassing performance, energy optimization, environmental impacts, and economic dimensions. Key findings show that LCCA is essential for improving economic viability and environmental sustainability.
PDF version includes complete article with source references.
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